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When did the crucifixion occur ?
Did Jesus spend 3 days & 3 nights in the earth [in the sepulchre (sepulcher, tomb)] ?
After Jesus was crucified, was the sign of Jonas [Jonah] fulfilled ?
When did the resurrection occur ?
What are the Bible answers (and insights) to questions like these ?
To those who were seeking a sign from Jesus, Jesus says, in the Bible: "there shall no sign be given ..., but the sign of the prophet Jonas [Jonah]:
If we focus first on the 3 nights, then the 3 days will fall into place.
For the 3 nights, between a Friday crucifixion (commonly called Good Friday) and a Sunday resurrection, we have Friday night and Saturday night. But that is only 2 nights. To satisfy the requirement for 3 nights, we need to include Thursday night as well. This leads us to a Thursday crucifixion ("Good Thursday").
Even though Jesus died on the cross at about
3pm in the afternoon (the 9th hour of daylight since sunrise), the Bible indicates that it was
after sundown and in the evening before Jesus' body was taken off the cross
and placed in the earth (in the sepulchre (tomb)). (After evening
was come (Mar 15:42, Mat
27:57).)
Given this data, it would mean that Jesus' body spent
none of Thursday's daytime in the earth, so we would not be able to count
Thursday as day#1, thus eliminating Alt-1.
Alt-2) Jesus' resurrection could have been shortly after sunrise on Sunday, which provides for Jesus' body spending a few minutes of Sunday's daytime in the earth (Mar 16:2, Luk 24:1). This would enable us to count Sunday as day#3, by treating it as part of a 12-hour "day".
Alt-3) If the reference to "days" is to all or part of 24-hour Bible/Jewish/Hebrew days (and the reference to "nights" is to all or part of 12-hour nights), then Sunday qualifies for day#3 (anytime after Saturday at sundown and before Sunday at sundown). Using this definition, Jesus' resurrection could have been before sunrise on Sunday (Joh 20:1), or after sunrise on Sunday. This alternative (Alt-3) offers the most accommodating solution, and is consistent with Bible usage of the 24-hour term "day".
3 days: Therefore, with a Thursday crucifixion and a Sunday resurrection, we have Friday (daytime), Saturday (daytime), and Sunday (a short interval of daytime after sunrise, or including some nighttime (part of a 24-hour day) before sunrise), as the required 3 days. The Bible describes, and answers our questions below concerning, this scenario. (See the chart at the end of this page.)
The Bible contains numerous references to Jesus' resurrection being on the third (3rd) day, or in 3 days, after Jesus is killed or crucified. Notice that these references all begin with when Jesus is killed (or dies), which occurred about 3pm in the afternoon (ninth (9th) hour of daylight since sunrise) the day he was crucified.
On Resurrection Sunday one of Jesus' disciples, on the road to Emmaus, makes the following statement about the crucifixion: "to day [Resurrection Sunday] is the third day since these things [Jesus being condemned to death and crucified] were done." (Luk 24:21) (Friday is the 1st day, Saturday is the 2nd day, and Resurrection Sunday ("to day") is the third day since Thursday's crucifixion.)
Other Biblical "third day" references in the new testament include: Mat 16:21, Mat 17:23, Mat 20:19, Mat 27:64, Mar 9:31, Mar 10:34, Luk 9:22, Luk 13:32, Luk 18:33, Luk 24:7, Luk 24:21(above), Act 10:40, 1Co 15:4.
Other Biblical "three days" references in the new testament include: Mat 26:61, Mat 27:40, Mar 14:57-58, Mar 15:29, Joh 2:19-22 ("he spake of the temple of his body").
Other Biblical "after three days" references in the new testament include: Mat 27:63, Mar 8:31. Since these references are to when Jesus was crucified or killed, after which there was about 3 hours of Thursday daytime remaining, then "after one day" (after Thursday) would refer to Friday, "after two days" (after Thursday & Friday) would refer to Saturday, and therefore "after three days" (after Thursday & Friday & Saturday) would refer to Resurrection Sunday.
The following chart places Jesus' Crucifixion and Jesus' Resurrection events in a chronological perspective for added clarity.
(Remember that Julian/Gregorian/Civil/conventional/today's
calendar days begin (and end) at midnight, but Bible/Hebrew/Jewish
calendar days begin (and end) at the sundown before midnight
(evening begins at sundown). On all calendars nights
end at sunrise, and mornings begin at sunrise.)
| Julian
Calendar |
Bible/Jewish
/Heb Calendar |
Nights
& Days |
Events
(OT=Old Testament, NT=New Testament) |
. |
| Apr 5,
Wednes- day |
FD6pm=
1471937 Nisan 14,
Passover
|
evening
NIGHT
sunrise |
OT: Nisan (1st
month) 14 at even is the Lord's passover (Lev
23:5).
NT: 8-day Feast of Unleavened Bread, Passover 1st day (Mat 26:17) Jesus kept the Passover (The Lord's Supper) at evening (Mar 14:12-17) |
. |
| midnight
Apr 6,
JDnoon=
|
.
. . |
|||
| morning
DAY
sunset |
Custom to release
one at the passover (Joh 18:39)
Jesus put upon cross between 9am & noon (Mar 15:25, Joh 19:14) For even Christ our passover [lamb] is sacrificed for us: (1Co 5:7) About the 9th hour (3pm) Jesus dies (Mat 27:46-50, Mar 15:34-37) It was the preparation (day before a high day sabbath) (Joh 19:31) Jesus' body taken down, wrapped, laid in sepulchre before sunset (before evening). (No verses supporting this.) |
. | ||
| . | ||||
| FD6pm=
1471938 Nisan 15,
High Sabbath
|
evening
NIGHT
sunrise |
When the [Friday]
even was come, because it was the preparation, that is, the
day before the [Saturday] sabbath (Mar 15:42,
Mat 27:57)
Jesus' body taken down, wrapped, laid in sepulchre (Mat 27:57-60, Mar 15:42-46, Luk 23:50-54, Joh 19:38-42) Mary Magdalene, and the other Mary, watch (Mar 15:47, Mat 27:61, Luk 23:55) |
. | |
| midnight
Apr 7,
JDnoon=
|
. | |||
| morning
DAY
sunset |
OT: Nisan 15: 7-day
feast of unleavened bread begins (Lev
23:6)
OT: The 1st day ye shall do no servile work (sabbath) (Num 28:18) NT: this sabbath day was an high day (not a Saturday) (Joh 19:31) NT: chief priests and Pharisees ask Pilate to secure the sepulchre until the third day (Mat 27:62-66) |
. | ||
| . | ||||
| FD6pm=
1471939 Nisan 16,
Sabbath
|
evening
NIGHT
sunrise |
. | ||
| midnight
Apr 8,
JDnoon=
|
. | |||
| morning
DAY
sunset |
Mary Magdalene, and the other Mary, rested on the sabbath day according to the commandment [Saturday Sabbath] (Luk 23:56) | . | ||
| . | ||||
| FD6pm=
1471940 Nisan 17,
Resurrection
|
evening
NIGHT
sunrise |
As it began to dawn, there
was a great earthquake (angel rolled back the stone
from the door of the sepulchre) (Mat 28:1-2)
Jesus' body resurrected before sunrise?, when it was yet dark (Joh 20:1) |
. | |
| midnight
Apr 9,
JDnoon=
|
. | |||
| morning
DAY
sunset |
Jesus' body resurrected after sunrise, very early in the morning,
at the rising of the sun (Mar
16:2, 9)
Resurrected after sunrise, very early in the morning (Luk 24:1) Angel: He [Jesus] is not here: for he is risen, as he said. (Mat 28:6) to day is the third day since Jesus' crucifixion (Luk 24:21) (Sunday is the third day since Thursday's crucifixion) |
. | ||
| . | ||||
| FD6pm=
Faulstich Day# (integer=6pm (sundown)) (beginning of Creation
Day#8 6pm =1)
JDnoon= Julian Day# (integer=noon) (Day #0=Jan 1, 4713 BC) FD@6pm(Babylon) + 260173.125 = JD@3pm UT(GMT) FD@6pm(Jerusalem) + 260173.15 = JD@3:36pm UT(GMT) FD@6pm(Egypt) + 260173.167 = JD@4pm UT(GMT) 4030 FY= Faulstich Year# since Creation Week (beginning of Creation Day#8=Nisan 1, 0 FY) |
. | |||
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